„HVDC“, which stands for High-Voltage Direct Current, is a technology used for transmitting electrical power over long distances. Unlike traditional alternating current (AC) systems, which periodically change direction, HVDC systems maintain a constant flow of current in a single direction. HVDC technology offers several advantages: • Efficiency: HVDC transmission lines are more efficient over long distances compared to traditional AC lines. This efficiency is due to lower line losses and reduced need for reactive power compensation. • Long-distance transmission: HVDC can transmit electricity over much longer distances without significant losses compared to AC lines. This is particularly useful for connecting remote renewable energy sources, such as offshore wind farms, to the main power grid. - over 3.000km < 10% losses. • Control and stability: HVDC systems offer better control and stability of the power flow, allowing for more flexible operation and grid management. This is beneficial for integrating renewable energy sources and improving overall grid reliability. • Interconnection of asynchronous grids: HVDC technology enables the interconnection of power grids operating at different frequencies or with asynchronous characteristics. It facilitates international power exchange and improves grid resilience. • Reduced environmental impact: HVDC transmission lines typically have smaller rights-of-way and require fewer conductors compared to AC lines. This can lead to reduced environmental impact during construction and operation. Overall, HVDC technology plays a crucial role in modernizing power grids, improving energy efficiency, and facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity system.